Ask a Question
Editorial Team - EMC Directory
Figure: Electronics in modern vehicles
Modern vehicles are equipped with numerous electrical & electronic systems, including engine control units, infotainment systems, safety sensors, and communication devices, all designed to enhance the driving experience. Automotive EMC standards are created to ensure that electrical and electronic components/systems installed in the vehicle function properly without causing electromagnetic interference (EMI) to other nearby devices or systems in a real-world environment.
Automotive EMC standards define the terms, rules, test methods, EMI emission limits, and immunity test levels necessary to ensure the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of electronic and electrical components, systems, and subassemblies installed in vehicles. These standards are essential for ensuring that a vehicle’s electrical/electronic systems can operate properly in real-world environments without disturbing other electronic equipment and communication systems.
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) refers to a device's ability to function as intended in its electromagnetic environment without causing EMI to nearby devices/systems. EMC standards are categorized into two main types:
- EMC Emission Standards: These specify EMI emission limits, measurement methods, and testing procedures to ensure the equipment does not emit EMI beyond the specified levels.
- EMC Immunity Standards: These specify test procedures, setups, and levels to ensure the equipment can withstand external EMI and continue functioning correctly.
These standards are designed to ensure the EMC of electrical and electronic equipment in an application.
Automotive EMC standards list:
Automotive EMC standards are designed to ensure EMC of electrical and electronic components/systems and subassemblies in the vehicle. These standards are established and published by organizations such as:
- International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR)
- International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
- Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)
- United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE).
Vehicle manufacturers also develop their own corporate EMC standards specific to the vehicles they produce. These corporate standards may reference ISO and CISPR documents but often have differences in scope or test levels. The following tables provide a list of standards developed by CISPR, ISO, SAE, UNECE, and vehicle manufacturers.
Automotive manufacturers must ensure their vehicle's electrical and electronic components/systems and subassemblies meet the requirements of these standards to sell in various markets. Non-compliance with EMC standards can result in significant consequences for automotive manufacturers, such as regulatory fines, legal liabilities, reputational damage, and potential safety risks.
Whether the vehicle's electrical and electronic components/system comply with the requirements of relevant automotive EMC standards is verified by performing EMC testing. Upon completing official EMC testing successfully, the manufacturer can receive EMC certification, which is necessary for selling the product in a country/region.
Tables provide a list of Automotive EMC standards:
United Nations
Document number/standard | Title |
UNECE R10 | Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to electromagnetic compatibility. |
CISPR standards (Automotive Emissions standards)
Document number/standard | Title |
CISPR 12 | Vehicles, boats, and internal combustion engines - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of off-board receivers.
Note: It applies to Vehicles and boats propelled by an internal combustion engine, electrical means, or both. SAE J551/2 standard is equivalent to CISPR 12.
|
CISPR 25 | Vehicles, boats, and internal combustion engines - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of on-board receivers.
Note: It applies to any electronic/electrical component intended for use in vehicles, boats, trailers, and devices.
|
CISPR 36 | Electric and hybrid electric road vehicles - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of off-board receivers below 30 MHz.
Note: It applies to electric and hybrid electric vehicles propelled by an internal traction battery when operated on the road.
|
ISO (Automotive immunity requirements)
Document number/standard | Title |
ISO 7637-1 | Road vehicles — Electrical disturbances from conduction and coupling --Part 1: Vocabulary and general considerations. |
ISO 7637-2 | Road vehicles — Electrical disturbances from conduction and coupling -- Part 2: Electrical transient conduction along supply lines only. |
ISO 7637-3 | Road vehicles — Electrical disturbances from conduction and coupling -- Part 3: Electrical transient transmission by capacitive and inductive coupling via lines other than supply lines. |
ISO 10605
| Road vehicles — Test methods for electrical disturbances from electrostatic discharge. |
ISO 11451-1 | Road vehicles — Vehicle test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy --- Part 1: General principles and terminology. |
ISO 11451-2 | Road vehicles — Vehicle test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy --- Part 2: Off-vehicle radiation sources. |
ISO 11451-3 | Road vehicles — Vehicle test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy --- Part 3: On-board transmitter simulation. |
ISO 11452-4 | Road vehicles — Component test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy --- Part 4: Harness excitation methods. |
ISO 11452-5
| Road vehicles — Component test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy --- Part 5: Stripline. |
ISO 11452-7
| Road vehicles — Component test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy — Part 7: Direct radio frequency (RF) power injection. |
ISO 11452-8
| Road vehicles — Component test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy --- Part 8: Immunity to magnetic fields. |
ISO 11452-10
| Road vehicles — Component test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy --- Part 10: Immunity to conducted disturbances in the extended audio frequency range. |
ISO 11452-11 | Road vehicles — Component test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy --- Part 11: Reverberation chamber. |
ISO 13766-1
| Earth-moving and building construction machinery — Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of machines with internal electrical power supply --- Part 1: General EMC requirements under typical electromagnetic environmental conditions. |
SAE (Automotive Emissions and Immunity Standards)
Document number/standard | Title |
SAE J551/4 | Test Limits and Methods of Measurement of Radio Disturbance Characteristics of Vehicles and Devices, Broadband and Narrowband, 150 kHz to 1000 MHz. |
SAE J551/2 | Test Limits and Methods of Measurement of Radio Disturbance Characteristics of Vehicles, Motorboats, and Spark-Ignited Engine-Driven Devices. |
SAE J1113/41 |
Limits and Methods of Measurement of Radio Disturbance Characteristics of Components and Modules for the Protection of Receivers Used On Board Vehicles. |
SAE J1113/1 | Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurement Procedures and Limits for Components of Vehicles, Boats (up to 15 m), and Machines (Except Aircraft) (16.6 Hz to 18 GHz). |
SAE J1113/4 | Immunity to Radiated Electromagnetic Fields - Bulk Current Injection (BCI) Method. |
SAE J1113/11 | Immunity to Conducted Transients on Power Leads. |
SAE J1113/12 | Electrical Interference by Conduction and Coupling - Capacitive and Inductive Coupling via Lines Other than Supply Lines. |
SAE J1113/13 | Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurement Procedure for Vehicle Components - Part 13: Immunity to Electrostatic Discharge. |
SAE J1113/26 | Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurement Procedure for Vehicle Components - Immunity to AC Power Line Electric Fields. |
SAE J1113/27 | Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurements Procedure for Vehicle Components - Part 27: Immunity to Radiated Electromagnetic Fields - Mode Stir Reverberation Method. |
SAE J551/15 | Vehicle Electromagnetic Immunity - Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) |
SAE J551/16 | Electromagnetic Immunity - Off-Vehicle Source (Reverberation Chamber Method) - Part 16 - Immunity to Radiated Electromagnetic Fields. |
SAE J551/17 | Vehicle Electromagnetic Immunity - Power Line Magnetic Fields. |
SAE J551/1 | Performance Levels and Methods of Measurement of Electromagnetic Compatibility of Vehicles, Boats (up to 15 m), and Machines. |
SAE J551/11 | Vehicle Electromagnetic Immunity - Off-Vehicle Source. |
Manufacturer based standards (OEM) for automotive:
Manufacturer/Company name | Document number/standard | Title |
General Motors (GM) | GMW3091 | General Specification for Vehicles Electromagnetic Compatibility Requirement Part. |
General Motors (GM) | GMW3097
| General Specification for Electrical/Electronic Components and Subsystems, Electromagnetic Compatibility. |
Ford | FMC1278 | Electromagnetic Compatibility Specification For Low and High Voltage Electrical/Electronic Components and Subsystems. |
Ford | FMC1280 | Electromagnetic Compatibility Specification For HV E/E Components and Subsystems. |
Chrysler
| DC-10615 | Electrical System Performance Requirements for Electrical and Electronic Components. |
Freightliner | Freightliner 49-00085 | EMC Requirements |
Honda | Honda 3838Z-S5AA-L000 | Noise Simulation Test |
Mitsubishi | Mitsubishi ES-X82010
| General specification of environment tests on automotive electronic equipment. |
Nissan | Nissan 28401 NDS02 | EMC requirements (instruction concerning vehicle and electrical ...) |
Toyota | Toyota TSC7508G-3.3.1 | Conductive Noise in FM and TV Bands |
Visteon | Visteon ES-XU3F-1316-AA | Electronic Component – Subsystem Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Requirements and Test Procedures. |
Login to EMC Directory to download datasheets, white papers and more content.
Create an account on EMC Directory to get a range of benefits.
Please wait...