Inductive coupling occurs when there is a change in magnetic fields around a conductor, which induces an unwanted voltage or current in an adjacent conductor. This can happen even if the two conductors are not physically touching. Inductive coupling can be mitigated by using magnetic shielding materials, separating the conductors, and orienting them at right angles to each other.

Mutual inductive coupling: Mutual inductive coupling occurs when two conductors are placed close to each other and a changing current in one conductor generates a magnetic field that induces a voltage in the other conductor. This type of coupling is often seen in transformers, motors, and generators, where changing magnetic fields induce voltages and currents in nearby conductors.

Self-inductive coupling: Self-inductive coupling occurs when a changing current in a conductor generates a magnetic field that induces a voltage in the same conductor. This is often seen in inductive components, such as inductors and solenoids, where a changing current through the conductor generates a magnetic field that opposes the change in current.