EMC testing for automotive electronics is necessary to ensure that the electronic systems in vehicles operate correctly and safely without causing any interference with other systems or external sources of electromagnetic radiation. Automotive electronics can be exposed to various electromagnetic fields from sources such as radio transmitters, power lines, and other electronic devices. These electromagnetic fields can interfere with the operation of electronic systems and cause malfunctions or safety hazards.

Automotive systems can generate EMI in two forms: narrowband emissions and broadband emissions, also called "arc and spark." Broadband EMI is caused by arc and spark components, such as ignition and pulse-type systems and electric motors, while narrowband EMI is generated by other active electronics in the vehicle. Interruptions in the transmission of data and instructions caused by either form of EMI can negatively impact system function, particularly in systems that control the vehicle like braking or engine controls, which can result in serious consequences. Therefore, it is crucial to establish and adhere to automotive EMC standards and conduct appropriate testing to ensure proper function and safety.

The development of EMC standards for the automotive industry is primarily carried out by CISPR, ISO, and SAE. CISPR and ISO are responsible for creating and upholding global standards, while SAE focuses on standards for North America. Previously, SAE developed numerous EMC standards which were later presented to CISPR and ISO for possible recognition as an international standard. As these SAE standards became globally recognized, the corresponding SAE standard was retired as a comprehensive standard and used only to highlight deviations from the international standard.

Automotive EMC standards are established by various organizations to ensure that electronic systems in vehicles are compatible with each other and do not interfere with each other's operation. Some of the key standards that are used for testing and compliance include:

1. CISPR 25: This standard addresses emissions and immunity requirements for automotive components. It includes test methods for radiated emissions and immunity, conducted emissions and immunity, and electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection.

2. ISO 11452: This standard outlines the measurement techniques for immunity testing of automotive electronic components against electromagnetic disturbances. It covers several tests, including radiated and conducted immunity testing.
3. ISO 10605: This standard specifies test methods for evaluating the performance of electronic components and systems against ESD. It covers both air and contact discharges and also provides guidelines for testing on conductive and non-conductive surfaces.
4. SAE J1113: This standard specifies test methods and procedures for evaluating the performance of automotive electronic equipment against electromagnetic radiation from other sources. It covers both radiated and conducted emissions testing.
5. SAE J551: This standard addresses the measurement techniques for testing automotive electrical and electronic components and systems for conducted and radiated emissions.
6. IEC 61000: This is a series of international standards that outline the measurement techniques for testing the immunity and emissions of electronic devices and systems against electromagnetic disturbances. The automotive industry typically uses parts of this series, such as IEC 61000-4-2 for ESD testing.
7. CISPR 12: This standard specifies limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics for the protection of on-board receivers in vehicles and devices within the vehicle against radio frequency emissions.

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